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四六级作文之正反阐释题模板

2018-08-11 阅读 :

    如果在每年报考大学四、六级(CET4& CET6)的数百万莘莘学子当中做一项调查问卷来找出历年试题中最令他们头痛的部分,我相信绝大多数的考生都会毫不犹豫地在“写作”一项中涂上浓重的一笔。其实,这是一种认识上的误区。众所周知,四、六级作文的出题模式素来以“八股文”而著称,这样也就造就了其极强的可操作性,而它最直接的体现就是不同体裁文章类型的模板的衍生。现在市场上充斥着海量的类似辅导书籍,但其中具有系统性和科学性的精品可谓少之又少,鱼目混珠和哗众取宠者倒是占据了大壁江山。为了使广大饱受写作折磨之苦的芸芸众生早日摆脱困扰,我仔细研读了历年四、六级考试的写作真题及相关的优秀范文,经过认真的研究和揣摸,终于总结出了一套完整的作文模板。在这里,我愿针对在考试中出现比率最高的也是最典型的议论文题型――正反阐释题做一个详细的讲解,希望一方面可以起到抛砖引玉的作用,并同时为四、六级写作部分教学的研发提供一些思路。

四、六级写作中正反阐释题的标志极其明显,现列举几道真题如下:

2000年6月(四、六级)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?” The first sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 120 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1.很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试,理由是……

2.也有人持不同意见,……

3.我的看法和打算

1999年6月(四、六级)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “Reading Selectively or Extensively?” You should write at least 120 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1.有些人认为读书要有选择

2. 有些人认为应当博览群书

3.我的看法

1995年6月(六级)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “Should Firecrackers Be Banned?” You should write at least 120 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1. 有人认为放鞭炮是好事,为什么?

2. 有人认为放鞭炮是坏事,为什么?

3.我的看法

    从上述三道真题我们不难看出:此等类型写作题干部分皆由三点提纲组成:一部分为正方观点,另一部分为反方观点,最后要求陈述考生个人观点。据此,我们可以勾勒出这样一个万能模板:

Opening:

There is no consensus of opinions among people as toX(争论的焦点)。Some people are of the view that (观点1),while others take an opposite stand, firmly believing that(观点2)。

Body text:

A:Those people who maintain(观点1)hold that(论据1)。They also claim that (论据2)。

B:Nevertheless, the other people who contend(观点2)argue that(论据1)。They also point out that(论据2)。

Conclusion:

A: one-sided---As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. For one thing, (论据1)……For another,(论据2)……When all the factors are examined, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that…….

B: Balanced---From the above discussion, I have to admit that there are merits to both sides of the issue. However, I would like to take a more neutral position. On the one hand, (针对观点1立场或相关措施及建议)…; on the other hand,(针对观点2立场或相关措施及建议)。

    这张模板完全是按照四、六级大纲对于写作的要求而量身定做的,内里包含了一个高分作文所应具有的所有元素,现简单分析如下:

1. 先声夺人:

    众所周知,一篇写作开头的成功与否在很大程度上决定了这篇文章最终的得分,因为它是考生留给阅卷考官的第一印象。如果这是一个积极的、正面的印象,那么它一旦形成,将很难再下来;反之亦然。该模板的第一段要达到的就是这个目的。虽然它只有两句话构成,但里面含括了许多可以使考官感到震撼的因子:第一句话是一个相当华丽且具有一定深度的议论文的经典句式,一上来就可以给批卷者一种视觉上的冲击和思想上的触动,对考生的水平会在潜意识当中形成相当高的评价。第二句话由三个分句构成,每一个分句都是一个亮点:第一个包括了be of 的结构,第二个是由while引导的比较状语从句,第三个是由现在分词构成的伴随状语,每一个都具有一定的复杂性。试想,这样的两句话读下来,考官可能已经有要给你满分的冲动了。

2.  论点、论据和论证充分:

    这是议论、说明性文体的灵魂所在。在主体段落中,每句话的开头都是该段的主题句和中心思想,其后皆从两个不同角度进行论证,充分诠释了“起、承、转、合”的意念。结尾段也是首先亮出自己的观点,其后再从另外两个或者三个不同角度去论证,这样一来作者的观点便有“证”可查,有“据”可依了。

3. 词汇、句型具有多变性:

    这是衡量一篇作文能否获取高分的一个相当重要的衡量标尺。在该模板中多次出现了“认为”的字眼,但每一次词汇都不同:believe, maintain, hold, claim, contend, argue, point out。为了追求句式多变的特点,还有意使用了be of the view的结构。

4. 思维连贯,逻辑缜密。

    这是通过模板中的关联词和衔接手段所实现的。由于汉语和英语语言上的差异,绝大多数的中国考生都不善于使用表达各种含义――如转折、并列、递进、对比――的关联词语,而这正是导致他们大量丢分的一个致命的原因。衔接手段的缺乏也使思维形成了断层,无法将通篇文章整和为一个具有紧密逻辑性的有机体。这篇模板的架构从根本上杜绝了这种问题的产生。

5. 灵活选择

    在谈论到个人观点的时候,我们会有两种选择:一种是走向折衷,一种是倒向一边。根据这样两种不同的可能性,我设计出了不同的结论段的模式,这样也使得使用者有了更大选择的空间和自由度。

6. 操作简便。

    这一点无疑是最实用的。通篇模板只需考生自己写出6-7句话:即正方观点2句话、反方观点2句话及结尾本人观点的2至三句话。由于模板本身具有相当的复杂性,考生再不必处心积虑地去想高深的用词、玄妙的句型和句式,只要用最简单、凝炼的句子将自己的基本思想表达出来就可以了,这样也在最大的程度上避免了犯一些语法上的错误。

下面以一道模拟试题为例,具体演示一下它的实际应用。

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “Study abroad or in China?” You should write at least 150 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1.很多人认为有志向的学生应当到海外留学,理由是…

2.也有人持不同意见…

3. 我的看法

Study Abroad or in China?

There is no consensus of opinions among people as to whether students should study abroad or not. Some people are of the view that the youths should go overseas for further study if possible, while others take an opposite stand, firmly believing that it is of no necessity for students to study in a foreign country.

Those people who maintain that it is good for students to go abroad for further study argue that diverse culture background can broaden students’ horizon. They also claim that overseas study can shape students’ personality because they are forced to deal with all kinds of difficulties by themselves.

Nevertheless, the other people who contend that domestic education is good enough for students argue that our educational quality has been greatly improved during the past decade. They also point out that domestic education is convenient and economical.
As far as I am concerned, the former opinion holds more weight. For one thing, it can strengthen the learners’ abilities to understand and communicate with people from other cultures. For another, the developed countries still have a lot advanced knowledge which is worth our study. When all the factors are examined, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that studying abroad is advisable.

    既然是万能模板,就说明只要属于该类题型都可以依此操作。由于篇幅所限,这里仅举上例作为说明。对于四、六级作文中其它几种议论文体及应用文体模板的具体运用我会在今后的文章当中同大家进行共同的分享和探讨。(编辑 李杰)

作者:赵经纬    

本文标题:四六级作文之正反阐释题模板
本文地址:http://www.cetclub.com/kaoshijingyan/liujikaoshijingyan/2018-08-11/52385.html

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