四级词汇中容易混淆的形容词的辨析

从2003年6月起四级考试语法词汇部分的词汇部分加大比重，因此我们选取了一些四级中容易混淆的形容词的辨析，相信会对考试有所帮助。
1.desirable /desirous
desirable: 想要的，令人向注的，值得有的，称心的，后跟从句时，常用虚拟语气。
It is most desirable that she should attend the conference. 她能出席参加这次会议，是最好不过的了。
desirous：向注的，渴望的
He is desirous of going to America on his vacation. 他渴望去美国度假。
2.excess/ excessive
excess: 额外的，附加的
A company that makes high profits must pay excess profits duty to the government .赢利高的公司须向政府交纳额外利得税。
excessive: 过多的，过度的，极端的
I can’t endure your excessive demands. 我不能容忍你过分的要求。
3.affected/ affectionate
affected: 不自然的，虚伪的
His affected manners irritated her. 他造作的举止激怒了她。
Affectionate:亲爱的，挚爱的，亲切的
She is very affectionate towards her brother. 她很爱她的弟弟。
4.advisable/advisory
advisable: 明智的，适当的，可行的，后跟that从句时，从句部分谓语动词要should+动词原形。
It is advisable that one make no decision until the time is ripe.在时机成熟时作出决定是明智的。
advisory:劝告的，忠告的；顾问的
An advisory committee will be here tomorrow. 咨询委员会明天将来这儿。
5.appreciable/ appreciative
appreciable: 明显的；可感觉到的；可看见的
The increase in salary will be appreciable. 薪水的增加将很可观。
appreciative: 感激的；欣赏的
appreciative letter 感谢信；an appreciative audience 有欣赏力的观众
6.creditable/ credulous
creditable: 可信的；可称赞的
His efforts have been most creditable this term. 这一学期他所做的努力十分可嘉。
credulous:易信的，轻信的
She was so credulous that she could be easily fooled. 她这样轻信，很容易受骗的。
7.graceful/ gracious
graceful: 优美的，优雅的
Her dancing was very graceful. 她的舞姿很优美。
gracious:有礼貌的；亲切的；大方的；仁慈的
It was gracious of the mayor to speak to the elderly patients. 市长和蔼可亲地慰问年老的病人。
8.various/ variable
various: 不同的，各试各样的
He wasn’t present at the ceremony for various reasons. 因种种原因他没有参加典礼。
variable:可变的，易变的
His temper is variable . 他的脾气变化无常。
9.efficient/ effective
efficient: 有能力的，效力高的，能胜任的
An executive needs an efficient secretary. 经理需要一位能干的秘书。
effective:有效的；实际的，实在的
The law is no longer effective. 该法令已失败。
10.exceptionable/ exceptional
exceptionable: 引起反感的
There are no exceptionable scenes in the play. 这个剧本没有能引起争议的情节。
exceptional:罕见的，特殊的，杰出的
This weather is exceptional for winter. 这种天气在冬天很罕见。
11.realistic/ realizable
realistic: 现实的，实事求是的
Be realistic, you can’t expect a big salary at eighteen. 现实一点吧，你别指望在十八岁就能拿到高薪。
realistic:可实现的
My dream to be a lawyer is realizable. 我成为律师的梦想是可以实现的。
12.practicable/ practical/ practiced
practicable:可实行的，行得通的，可通行的
The mountain route is practicable for automobiles. 这条山路可通行汽车。
practical:实际的，实用的
There are many practical difficulties to overcome to complete the work. . 完成这项工作要克服许多实际困难。
practiced:熟练的，内行的，有经验的
He performed the job with practiced skill. 他做这工作很熟练。
13.official/ officious
official:官方的，正式的
There will be an official inquiry into the matter. 对这件事将要进行一次正式的调查。
officious:爱发号施令的，好管闲事的
We were tired of being pushed around by the officious guy. 我们厌烦那好管闲事的家伙把我们支来支去。
14.comparable/ comparative
comparable:可与相比的
His achievements are comparable with the best. 他的成绩可与最优者相比。
comparative:比较性，相当的
In a poor country, owning a bicycle is a sign of comparative wealth.在贫穷的国家里，有辆自行车就是比较富裕的象征。
15.momentary/ momentous
momentary:短暂的，瞬间的，片刻的
After a momentary pause, he went on to his speech. 短暂的停顿后，他继续讲话。
momentous:极重要的，严重的
Good manners are very important in a momentous occasion.在重要的场合有礼貌是很重要的。

练习题
1. Do you think it _______ to do so?
A. advisable B. advisory C. advise
2. He was most ________ to everyone, smiling and thanking them .
A. graciousB. graceful C. smartD. precise
3. He is of a _________moods he never finishes what he starts.
A. differentB. variousC. distinctiveD. variable
4. He is _________at his job.
A. efficientB. effective C. affective
5. He showed ________ability in the football game.
A. exceptionable B. exceptionalC. except for
6. It’s an interesting idea but there are many ________difficulties.
A. practicable B. practicedC. practical D. practice
7. The achievement of an athlete and a writer are not _______.
A. comparativeB. comparableC. compare
练习题答案
1.A2.A 3.D4.A5.B6.C 7.B