新东方四级考前听力

（一） 听力题型分析

ａ节（section ａ）

1、 问题类型

ａ节每组对话一般是在一男一女之间进行的一问一答。问题一般由先讲话的人提出。题目均以问句形式出现，其中多数是特殊疑问句。这些问题涉及的内容大致归纳如下：
ａ、多用来问以下内容：

１） 问"是什么、要什么、讨论什么、什么种类"等，如：
what is the man''s answer?
what does the woman want for lunch?
what are they talking about?
what kind of books does the man want to borrow?

２） 问"做什么"，如：
what does the woman tell the man to do first?
what are the speakers doing now?
what will happen if john fails the exam?

３） 问"什么含义"，如：
what does the man mean (imply) ?
what does the woman''s answer suggest?

４） 问"从对话中能获得什么信息或结论"，如：
what can we learn from the conversation?
what can be concluded from this conversation?

５） 问"对某人或某事有什么看法"，如：
what does the man think of miss brown?
what does the woman think of the plan?

2、ａ节中用提出的问题主要问"对话可能是在什么场所发生的"，即：

where does this conversation most probably take place?
where does this conversation most likely occur?
where are the man and woman?

3、可能问以下几个方面的情况：

１） 问钟点（可用替换），如：
man (m): what time did yesterday''s football match start?
woman (w): it was supposed to start at a quarter to 7, but it was delayed an hour.
question(q): when did the game finally start?

２） 问在哪个星期或星期几（后者可用替换），如：
w: i thought to go to town now. i have some shopping to do.
m: don''t spend too much, i won''t get paid until next week.
q: when will he be paid?

３） 问日期，如：
when will the winter vacation begin?

4、用提问的问题可以问原因，也可以问目的，如：

why is the man late?
why did the man repair the car by himself?

5、可能问对话者某一方的身份、对话人之间的关系或对话中涉及到的其他人的情况，如：

w: may i help you ,sir?
m: i hope so. it''s my watch. i brought it in to be repaired, but i''ve lost the
receipt.
q: who is the man?

6、主要针对以下内容提问：

１） 问做某事的方式、方法或使用的交通工具，如：
how did the teacher usually begin his class?
how does the man usually go to work?

２） 问"对某事的感受如何"，如：
how does the man feel about the movie?
how do you like the film?

7、问"多少"，属于涉及数字的题，可能有以下几种形式：

how many persons ...?
how many dozens of ... does ... want?
how much does ...?
how old is ...?
how long does it take ... to ...?

ａ节的问句根据疑问词划分，大致可以归为以上七类。ａ节中偶尔也有个别一般疑问句。但也可能出现其它类型的问句，（如以whom,whose,which提问），或针对以上未归纳的内容进行提问。

（二）  对话内容分类

若按对话内容分类，则可分为以下几种类型：

ａ、时间类：包括直接型和计算型。如：

w: your library books are due on december 13th. if you have not finished using them by then, you may renew them once.
m: thank you very much . i only need them for a few days.
q: when must the man return his books to the library?

ｂ、数字类：包括直接型和计算型。如：

w: do you live in a college dormitory?
m: yes, i do. it''s a six－man suite, but at the moment only four of us live there.
q: how many people share the suite now?

ｃ、地点类：包括直接型和含蓄型。如：

m: i need to cash this check?
w: will you step right over to the teller''s window, please?
q: where is the conversation most probably taking place?

ｄ、否定类：

此类对话既可以含有not,no,neither,nor等否定词，也有 but,although等转折词，或由would rather,too...to结构及虚拟语气等表达。因此，对于后者要特别加以注意。如：
m: ann, do you have any extra money you could loan me?
w: i wish i could help you. i went shopping yesterday. now i have only two dollars till the end of the week.
q: will the man borrow any money from the woman?
此题的答案肯定是no。听这段话时要抓住i wish i could help you.这一关键话语。这句话虽然从表面上看是肯定式，但却隐含着i''m sorry i can''t help you.的意思。

ｅ、人物类：

包括人物关系、人物身份两类。此类对话提供一个情节，能反映所涉及的人的关系或身份。如：
m: good evening, madam. there is a table for two over there. this way, please.
w: thank you. could i see the menu, please?
q: what''s the relationship between the man and woman?
a) husband and wife. b) waiter and customer.
c) salesman and customer. d) host and guest.

ｆ、活动类：

这一类谈话内容可涉及上课、娱乐、工作、日常生活等各种
情况。如：
w: are you going to new york next weekend?
m: yes, i''m going to look up bill while i''m there.
q: what''s the man going to do?
这类对话中往往先后出现几种情况，要注意听问句是什么，然后再作出选择。

（三）   几种常见的解题方法

ａ节中的对话虽然简短，但多数情况下，往往不能从听到的内容中找到与选择项内容完全相同的部分，即对话中一般没有现成的答案。因此，在听的时候要注意抓住选择项的同义或反义词（组）用辨别法答题（解活动类多用此方法），或根据对话内容采用归纳、推论或辨别的方法回答。用这种方法答题，类型不仅仅限于诸如"what does the man mean?"这样的题目，其它如含蓄人物类、人物身份类、含蓄地点类、否定类题目也与此类似。如：
w: how do you like the play you saw last night?
m: well, i should have stayed at home.
q: what does the man think of the play?
a) it is exciting. b) it is boring.
c) he didn''t see the play. d) he like it very much.
对话中"i should have stayed at home."（我真该待在家里），这句话已婉转地表明他不喜欢这出戏，而对没有待在家里表示遗憾、后悔（should have done something这种结构可用来表示"对应该发生而实际上没有发生的事情表示遗憾、后悔或谴责）。能使他产生此感想的原因自然是"the play is boring."（演出令人厌烦），因而ｂ是正确的答案。否定类题目多含有虚拟语气、语气否定、暗示比喻、强化意见等形式。这一节属于此数字类题目的对话中，多出现两处，甚至三、四处数字或时间，因此，除了用辨别方法外，有时必须用计算方法才能得出正确答案.

（四） 四六级英语写作类型

　　　1． 体裁：说明文，议论文 最近几年的四六级作文的体裁以说明文和议论文为主。说明文如：how to succeed in a job interview （2000，12，四级）, how i finance my college education（2000，1 四级）, practice makes perfect， haste makes waste（97，1 六级）议论文如：don''t hesitate to say "no"（99，1 四级和六级）, can money buy happiness（95，1 四级）, is a test of spoken english necessary？（2000，6 四级） reading selectively or extensively? (99，6六级)，do "lucky numbers" really bring good luck? (98,6 四级和六级)
　　
      2．段落类型：比较/对比，列举，程序等 说明和议论文章所采用的文章扩展模式一般以比较/对照，举例、列举、因果、程序等者居多。如：don''t hesitate to say "no", reading selectively or extensively等很多四六级写作中都涉及到两种观点的对比，整体的段落类型为对照型。practice makes perfect, harmfulness of fake commodities等可采用因果行的段落结构模式，也可以采用举例说明的结构模式。advantages of a job interview则应采用列举的段落扩展模式。
　　
      3． 出题方式：提纲式写作，中文提纲，一般为三句或两句。

如：99年1月份考题directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: don''t hesitate to say "no". you should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in chinese) below.
　
1. 别人请求帮助时，在什么情况下我们会说“不"。
2. 为什么有些人在该说"不"的时候不说"不"。
3. 该说"不"时不说"不"的坏处。
　
    再如：98年一月分考题directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: harmfulness of fake commodities. you should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in chinese) below.
　 1. 目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fake commodities)。为什么会有这种情况
   2. 举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。

（五） 论文类的常考思路:

1.题目难拟 2.资料难查

涉及词汇:
打字: laptop 手提电脑 坏了
打印: type it out －－>printer/computer
摘要: do some research －－>labrary
【research】 1.论文 2.报纸 3.文件 4.纸张
考点词汇:
演讲:(speech,address,report)－－>考点:1.提问难 2.应穿着正式的衣服(对话涉及) 3.感到紧张(feeling nervous)

图书管题目常考思路:
1.想借的书借不到 2.想还的书(已经过期)
考点词汇:
关于费用:fare 交通费 rent 租金 fee 杂费 utilities 水电费 postage 邮资 tuition 学费
tuition feee 学杂费
罚款:fine

餐厅问题的常考思路:
校内食堂 cafeteria
关于make a reseration/book/reserve a table/menu/order/
餐厅:fansy restanrant (豪华的)/meal ticket(饭票)/plate(盘子)/helpings(一人一份)

机场内题目常考思路:
1.票已经卖完 2.接人晚点 3.送人伤感
考点词汇:
board 登机
airplane/direct flight/first class (头等舱)/economy class(经济舱)/seat belt/take over/land(降落)/
wing(1.附楼 2.机翼)/terminal 1.终端 2.终点站 3.后机厅

交通类题目常考思路:
交通阻塞:1.traffic jam 2.back up
罚款(fine):1.break rules 2.go speeding
交通晚点:1.behind schedule = delay 2.on schedule = on time

打电话场景考试思路:
1.要约会的人约不到 2.约会去不了 3.电话打不通或者打错电话
考点词汇:
coin:wrong out of coins －>cut off (被动) －>hang up (主动) －>hook (挂钩) －>receiver (话筒)
－> slot (硬币投币口)
过程: look up/pick up/drop coin in the slot/dial

医院类的题目思路:
1.医生难找 2.病情如何 getting better/worse 3.有病耽误 miss the class {reason:1.get ill
2.over sleep 3.traffic jam