四级考试中的倒装结构
一、全部倒装
全部倒装是谓语动词全部提前的一种倒装结构，无论是助动词、系动词、情态动词，还是行为动词，都要放在主语前面。在四级考试中，全部倒装主要有两种情况。
1、介词短语作为地点状语放在句首时，句子全倒装。例如：
At the bus are a teacher and two students, on the way home.
2、单个副词放在句首时，句子全倒装。例如：
Here is a book for you.
这样的副词还有there，now， then ，up 和down。例如：
Up went the plane.
但是，当主语是代词就不能倒装。例如：
Here you are.（此时主语是代词不用倒装）
二、部分倒装
部分倒装是谓语动词中助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语前面的一种倒装结构，而行为动词不用提前，放在主语后面。在四级考试中，部分倒装主要有以下几种情况。
1、一个词可以代替前文所说的情况：so （承前肯定）、nor、 neither （承前否定）等。
You can speak English , so can I (speak).
You can’t speak English , nor/neither can I (speak).
2、 only 表示仅有，放在句首。后面接一个状语，可以是地点、时间、方式状语，句子部分倒装。
Only on Sundays does he go home.
3、 一些表示否定意义的副词，放在句首，如：seldom, rarely , little, few , never, nowhere , not until, not only 此时句子部分倒装。
4、 复合句当中，有一些表示一旦……就……的句型，如Hardly / Scarcely…when, no sooner…than, Hardly / Scarcely或no sooner后紧跟的句子要用部分倒装。
5、 一部分含有no 的词组放在句首：by no means, no longer, in no case, in no way，on no account，under no condition 等。
6、由as/though 引导的让步状语从句的部分倒装，其结构有三种：
A、表语（名词，形容词或分词）+ as/though + 主语 + 系动词
Young as he is, he is very experienced.
B、副词 + as/though + 主语 +谓语
C、行为动词/（行为动词+宾语）+ as/though + 主语 + 助动词/情态动词
7、虚拟语气的倒装：将连词if省去，助动词were , had或情态动词should , could提前到主语前面。
以下是历年四级考试词汇与结构部分出现的倒装题目，请结合上面的讲解自己做下练习：
1. She never laughed, _____lose her temper. (90/ 01/ 59)
A) or she ever did B) nor did she ever C) or did she ever D) nor she ever did
2. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _____ we all sat down to rest. (91/06/62)
A) when B) then C) than D) until
3. _____ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now. (93/01/61)
A) Had it not been B) It were not C) Weren’t it D) Had not it been
4.We don"t need air conditioning, _____. (94/01/ 57)
A) nor can we afford it B) and nor we can afford it
C) neither can afford it D) and we can neither afford it
5.I could not persuade him to accept it, ______ make him see the importance of it. (95/01/42)
A) if only I could not B) no more than I could C) or I could not D) nor could I
6. _____ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand. (95/01/47)
A) Not being B) Had it not been C) Without being D) Not having been
7. _____ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. (96/01/26)
A) Being published B) Published C) Publishing D) To be published
8. The organization had broken no rules, but ______ had it acted responsibly. (96/01 /33)
A) neither B)so C)either D)both
9. _____ right now, she would get there on Sunday. (96/06/42)
A) Would she leave B) If she leaves C) Were she to leave D) If she had left
10. _____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. (97/01/34)
A) Had they arrived B) Would they arrive C) Were they arriving D) Were they to arrive
11. Only under special circumstances _____ to take make-up tests. (97/06/43)
A) are freshmen permitted C) permitted are freshmen
B) freshmen are permitted D) are permitted freshmen
12. We have been told that under no circumstances _____ the telephone in the office for personal affairs. (99/06/60)
A) may we use B) we may use C) we could use D) did we use
13. _______, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.(00/6/49)
A) Although much he likes her B) Much although he likes her
C) As he likes her much D) Much as he likes her
答案与解析：
1. B) 解析：承前否定用部分倒装结构，nor 表示“也不”。lose one’s temper, 生气、发脾气
句意：她从来不笑，也不发脾气。
2. C) 解析：此处构成no sooner … than， 表示“一…就”。no sooner 后要用部分倒装语序。
句意：我们一到山顶，就都坐下来休息。
3. A) 解析：此句属于虚拟语气条件从句中省略if 的情况，须将句中的助动词had提前。
句意：要不是你懒的话，你早就完成作业了。
4. A) 解析：同第一题。
句意：我们不需要空调，我们也买不起。
5. D) 解析：同第一题。
句意：我不能劝服他接受它，我也不能使他看到它的重要性。
6. B) 解析：同第二题。
句意：要不是因为我生病了，否则我一定帮他忙。
7. B) 解析：属于as 引导的让步状语从句的第一种情况，过去分词作表语状语提到as前。
句意：尽管是在这时候出版，他的作品仍引起了广泛关注。
8. A) 解析：此题仍是承前否定，用部分倒装结构，neither 表示“两者都不”。
句意：这个组织没有违反什么规则，但它也没有履行其责任。
9. C) 解析：同第二题。
句意：要是她立刻出发，她能于星期日到达。
10. D) 解析：同第二题。
句意：如果他们在我们后天离开之前赶到，我们就隆重地开个晚餐会。
11. A) 解析：句首为only＋ under special circumstances引导的状语，在这种情况下主句必须用部分倒装语序。
句意：只有在特殊情况下，才允许新生补考。
12. A) 解析：that引导的宾语从句的开头为带否定意义的状语词组，所以应采用部分倒装的形式，同时从句的时态与主句保持一致。
句意：我们被告知在任何情况下都不能用办公室的电话谈私事。
13. D) 解析：属于由as 引导的让步状语从句的第二种情况，做状语的副词提前到as前。
句意：尽管他很喜欢她，他有时的确被她惹得生气。
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